Books and standup comedy are the rare mediums that are usually created by a single person. Because of this they can be more daring and go to more interesting places than their big budget Hollywood versions. I think single creator/small team apps can be like that too.

i think about this a lot, and how the higher barrier to entry makes it less appealing for students to get into designing digital products

Do you have specific barriers in mind here? In some ways the barriers have never been both lower in some ways and higher in others 🤔

To me building software is pretty daunting to begin compared to say graphic design. I think that leads to to the medium feeling a little less "diy" which turned me away from it as a design student. Agree it's easier than ever right now though.

Getting your head around state and flow is hard, particularly as people can use it in ways you can’t imagine and in environments you can’t control. (That last part is less so these days with the homogenisation of browser engines - I cut my teeth in the heyday of ie6)

That’s true - although there’s no hard and fast rule that Requires us to use a fancy state framework. Lots of great apps were once made with just jquery (and now you don’t even that). To prevent paralysis, we should promote plain js is fine for v1)

Agree on that. I was thinking more conceptually as a designer: how to handle error states, low/connection drop off etc All which can be tricky to know about when starting